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The Physician in 2050

The report

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Three parts, twelve chapters. Each section opens on a short abstract; the full text is one tap away. Every chapter carries a single recommendation.

I

The Emerging Reality

Futurism in Biomedicine: The Mosaic Metaphor · Arc of Medicine: Historical Threads · Physicians Evolving: Hippocrates 1.0 – 4.0 · The Hippocrates 4.0 Physician: Plural and Fluid Identities · The Attitude of This Report

New Biologies · Theranostics: Near-Term to Visionary · Editing Germline, Deciphering Brain, Extending Lifespan, Conquering Space · The Discovery Process: AI as Investigative Tool · The Translational Gap

A Matrix of Healthcare Paradigms · Machine Intelligence Reframes the Medical Landscape: Blind-Spot Free Care · Learning Health Systems

Technoscientific Disruption: Multilevel, Multimodal · Complexity Science Comes to the Fore · AI Intelligence Ecosystem: From Data Procurement to Data Curation · Physical AI: A Gradient of Autonomy · Statistics, Mathematics and Physics Transform Biomedicine

Pursuit of N-of-1 Medicine: Humans Fill the Irreducible Gap · Biomedical Digital Twins · From Repair to Preemptive Medicine · On the Road to Holistic/Integrative Medicine · Rethinking the Evidence in Evidence-Based · The Patient of 2050

II

The Physician Redefined

Intelligences Meet: The Human Advantage · Recasting Physicians in the Age of Machine Intelligence: Guardian of Health · Four Physician Identities: Contours of the Hippocrates 4.0 Physician

The Physician Creative: Explorer and Designer · Reimagining the Biomedical Research Enterprise · The Curious Physician: Nurturing Wonder

Bridging Knowledge Domains: Consilience · Counterbalancing Specialty Fiefdoms · An Embrace of Distributed Intelligence: Horizontal Care · Interprofessional Education: Reifying Consilience

The Human Factor · Rehumanizing Medicine: Medical Virtue · Complexity, Data, and the Limits of Prediction · Judgment and Wisdom: Ethical Decision-Making, Evaluating Truth · The Problem Solver: Educating to Critical Thinking

The Socially Responsible Physician · Population Health Frontier · Bridging Mankind: Planetary Health · Global Health Governance, Security, Ethics · Mandatory Global Training Experiences

III

The Transition

Hardwiring the Mid-21st Century Physician: The Future Curriculum · The Simulation Frontier · Revisiting Lifelong Learning: The Adaptable Physician

Connecting Medical Academy, Organizations, and Industry · Cooperative Advancement of Medical Education